JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 6 , Pages 355-365 , July 2006

Behavioral Manifestations of Pain in the Demented Elderly

  • Daisha J. Cipher, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Daisha J. Cipher, PhD, UNT Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107.
    • ,
  • P. Andrew Clifford, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Mind-Body Wellness Institute, Senior Connections of Dallas, Dallas, TX.
    • ,
  • Kristi D. Roper, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Mind-Body Wellness Institute, Senior Connections of Dallas, Dallas, TX.

References 

  1. Swearer JM , Drachman DA , O’ Donnell BF , Mitchell AL . Troublesome and disruptive behaviors in dementia (Relationships to diagnosis and disease severity) . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1988;36:784–790
  2. Zimmer JG , Watson NG , Treat A . Behavioral problems among patients in skilled nursing facilities . Am J Public Health . 1984;76:1118–1121
  3. Burgio L . Direct observation of behavioral disturbances of dementia and their environmental context . Int Psychogeriatr . 1997;8:343–346
  4. Davis LL , Buckwalter K , Burgio LD . Measuring problems in dementia (Developing a methodological agenda) . ANS Adv Nurs Sci . 1997;20:40–55
  5. Ferrell BA , Ferrell BR , Rivera L . Pain in cognitively impaired nursing home patients . J Pain Symptom Manage . 1995;10:591–598
  6. Cipher DJ , Clifford PA . Dementia, pain, depression, behavioral disturbances, and ADLs (Toward a comprehensive conceptualization of quality of life in long-term care) . Int J Geriatr Psychiatry . 2004;19:741–748
  7. Buffum MD , Miaskowski C , Sands L , Brod M . A pilot study of relationship between discomfort and agitation in patients with dementia . Geriatr Nurs . 2001;22:80–85
  8. Bressler HB , Keyes WJ , Rochon PA , Badley E . The prevalence of low back pain in the elderly (A systematic review of the literature) . Spine . 1999;24:1813–1819
  9. Harkins SW , Bush FM . Geriatric pain . In:  Wall PD ,  Melzack R editor. Textbook of Pain . London: Churchill Livingstone; 1994;p. 769–784
  10. National Center for Health Statistics . The management of chronic pain in office-based ambulatory care (National Ambulatory Care Survey. Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics) . Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service; 1986; DHHS publication 123
  11. Sternbach RA . Mastering Pain (A Twelve-Step Program for Coping With Chronic Pain) . New York: Putnam Publishing; 1987;
  12. Bouckoms AJ , Masand P , Murray GB , Cassem EH , Stern TA , Tesar GE . Chronic nonmalignant pain treated with long-term oral narcotic analgesics . Ann Clin Psychiatry . 1992;4:185–192
  13. Chabal C , Erjavec MK , Jacobson L , Mariano A , Chaney E . Prescription opiate abuse in chronic pain patients (Clinical criteria, incidence, and predictors) . Clin J Pain . 1997;13:150–155
  14. Parmelee PA . Pain in cognitively impaired older persons . Clin Geriatr Med . 1996;12:473–487
  15. Scherder EJA , Sergeant JA , Swaab DF . Pain processing in dementia and its relation to neuropathology . Lancet Neurol . 2003;2:677–686
  16. Schneider EL , Guralnik JM . The aging of America (Impact on health care costs) . JAMA . 1990;263:2335–2340
  17. Thapa PB , Brockman KG , Gideon P , Fought RL , Ray WA . Injurious falls in nonambulatory nursing home residents (A comparative study of circumstances, incidence, and risk factors) . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1996;44:273–278
  18. Morrison RS , Siu AL . A comparison of pain and its treatment in advanced dementia and cognitively intact patients with hip fracture . J Pain Symptom Manage . 2000;19:240–248
  19. Merskey H . Classification of chronic pain (Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms) . Pain . 1986;(Suppl 3):S217
  20. Cipher DJ , Clifford PA , Schumacker RE . The heterogeneous chronic pain personality (Diverse coping styles among sufferers of chronic pain) . Altern Ther Health Med . 2002;8:93–102
  21. Cipher DJ , Clifford PA . Treatment outcome varies with coping style in chronic pain management . The Pain Clinic . 2003;15:35–44
  22. Gatchel RJ , Polatin PB , Mayer TG , Garcy PD . Psychopathology and the rehabilitation of patients with chronic low back pain disability . Arch Phys Med Rehabil . 1994;75:666–670
  23. Cipher DJ , Fernandez E , Clifford PA . Cost effectiveness of multidisciplinary pain management (Comparison of three treatment groups) . J Clin Psychol Med Settings . 2001;8:237–244
  24. Cipher DJ , Clifford PA . Dementia, pain, depression, behavioral disturbances, and ADLs (Toward a comprehensive conceptualization of quality of life in long-term care) . Int J Geriatr Psychiatry . 2004;19:741–748
  25. Reisberg B , Ferris B , Deleon MJ , et al.   The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia . Am J Psychiatry . 1982;139:1136–1139
  26. Reisberg B . Functional assessment staging (FAST) . Psychopharmacol Bull . 1988;24:653–659
  27. Clifford PA , Cipher DJ , Roper KD . Assessing dysfunctional behaviors in long-term care . J Am Med Dir Assoc . 2005;6:300–309
  28. Clifford PA , Cipher DJ , Roper KD . The Geriatric Multidimensional Pain and Illness Inventory (A new instrument assessing pain and illness in long term care) . Clin Gerontol . 2005;28:45–61
  29. Kiernan R , Mueller J , Langston J , Van Dyke C . The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (A brief but differentiated approach to cognitive assessment) . Ann Intern Med . 1987;107:481–485
  30. Schwamm LH , Van Dyke C , Kiernam RJ , Merrin EL , Mueller J . The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini–Mental State Examination in a neurosurgical population) . Ann Intern Med . 1987;107:486–491
  31. Scherder E , Oosterman J , Swaab D , et al.   Recent developments in pain in dementia . BMJ . 2005;330:461–463
  32. Closs SJ , Barr B , Briggs M , Cash K , Seers KA . A comparison of five pain assessment scales for nursing home residents with varying degrees of cognitive impairment . J Pain Symptom Manage . 2004;27:196–205
  33. Hadjistavropoulos T , LaChapele DL , Hadjistavropoulos HD , Green S , Asmundson GJG . Using facial expressions to assess musculoskeletal pain in older persons . Eur J Pain . 2002;6:179–187

PII: S1525-8610(05)00645-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.11.012

JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 6 , Pages 355-365 , July 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution