JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 173-179 , March 2006

The Application of Evidence-Based Principles of Care in Older Persons (Issue 2): Management of Lipid Disorders

  • Barbara J. Zarowitz, PharmD (FCCP, BCPS, CGP)

      Affiliations

    • Omnicare, Inc., Livonia, MI
    • College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Barbara J. Zarowitz, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS, CGP, Omnicare, Inc., 13975 Farmington Road, Livonia, MI 48150
    • ,
  • Wilbert S. Aronow, MD, CMD

      Affiliations

    • Divisions of Cardiology, Geriatrics, and Pulmonary/Critical Care, New York Medical College, New York, NY
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Kelly Hollenack, PharmD (CGP, FASCP)

      Affiliations

    • Omnicare, Inc., Livonia, MI
    • ,
  • Terry O’Shea, PharmD (CGP, FASCP)

      Affiliations

    • Omnicare, Inc., Livonia, MI

References 

  1. American Heart Association . Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics (2005 update) . Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2005; Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1200026. Accessed July 26, 2005
  2. Gluckman TJ , Baranowski B , Ashen D , et al.   A practical and evidence-based approach to cardiovascular disease risk reduction . Arch Intern Med . 2004;164:1490–1500
  3. Ko DT , Mamdani M , Alter DA . Lipid-lowering therapy with statins in high-risk elderly patients (The treatment risk paradox) . JAMA . 2004;291:1864–1870
  4. Brown LC , Johnson JA , Majumdar SR , et al.   Evidence of suboptimal management of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and symptomatic atherosclerosis . Can Med Assoc J . 2004;171:1189–1192
  5. Grundy SM , Cleeman JI , Merz NB , et al.   Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines . Circulation . 2004;110:227–239
  6. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . JAMA . 2001;285:2486–2497
  7. Pyorala K , Pedersen TR , Kjeksus J , et al.   Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) . Diabetes Care . 1997;20:614–620
  8. Shepherd J , Blauw GJ , Murphy MB , et al.   Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER) (A randomized controlled trial) . Lancet . 2002;360(9346):1623–1630
  9. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals (A randomised placebo-controlled trial) . Lancet . 2002;360(9326):7–22
  10. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group  . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes (A randomized placebo-controlled trial) . Lancet . 2003;361:2005–2016
  11. Sever PS , Dahlof B , Poulter NR , et al.  ASCOT investigators   Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandanavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA) (A multicentre randomized controlled trial) . Lancet . 2003;361:1149–1158
  12. Goldberg RB , Mellies MJ , Sacks FM , et al.   Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels (Subgroup analyses in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial) . Circulation . 1998;98:2513–2519
  13. Sacks FM , Tonkin AM , Craven T , et al.   Coronary heart disease in patients with low LDL-cholesterol (Benefit of pravastatin in diabetes and enhanced role for HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides as risk factors) . Circulation . 2002;105:1424–1428
  14. Lewis SJ , Sacks FM , Mitchell JS , et al.   Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in women after myocardial infarction (The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial) . J Am Coll Cardiol . 1998;32:140–146
  15. Lewis SJ , Moye LA , Sacks FM , et al.   Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range. Results of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial . Ann Intern Med . 1998;129:681–689
  16. Plehn JF , Davis BR , Sacks FM , et al.   Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Study . Circulation . 1999;99:216–223
  17. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (ATP III) . Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report . Circulation . 2002;106:3143–3421
  18. Zarowitz BJ , Stefanacci R , Hollenack K , O’Shea T . The application of evidence-based principles of care in older persons (Issue 1) (Osteoporosis) . J Am Med Dir Assoc . 2006;7:102–109
  19. Aronow WS , Ahn C . Incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 125 mg/dL treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug . Am J Cardiol . 2002;89:67–69
  20. Aronow WS , Ahn C , Gutstein H . Reduction of new coronary events and new atherothrombotic brain infarction in older persons with diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 125 mg/dL treated with statin . J Gerontol Series A Biol Sci Med Sci . 2002;57:M747–M750
  21. California Healthcare Foundation and American Geriatrics Society Panel for Improving the Care of Elders with Diabetes . Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes . J Am Geriatr Soc . 2003;51:S265–S280
  22. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VII). National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. August 2004. Available at: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jnc7full.htm. Accessed July 17, 2005.

PII: S1525-8610(05)00683-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.12.009

JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 173-179 , March 2006

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