JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 9 , Pages 562-567 , November 2006

The Influence of Staff and Resident Immunization Rates on Influenza-like Illness Outbreaks in Nursing Homes

  • Lisa R. Shugarman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Lisa R. Shugarman, PhD, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90401-2138.
    • ,
  • Craig Hales, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • Claude Messan Setodji, PhD

      Affiliations

    • RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
    • ,
  • Barbara Bardenheier, MPH, MA

      Affiliations

    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • Joanne Lynn, MD, MA, MS

      Affiliations

    • RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA.

References 

  1. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1333–1340
  2. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA. 2003;289(2):179–186
  3. Menec VH, MacWilliam L, Aoki FY. Hospitalizations and deaths due to respiratory illnesses during influenza seasons: A comparison of community residents, senior housing residents, and nursing home residents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(10):M629–M635
  4. Harper SA, Fukuda K, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Bridges CB. Prevention and control of influenza (Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005;54(RR-8):1–40
  5. Pearson ML, Bridges CB, Harper SA. Influenza vaccination of health-care personnel: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-2):1–16
  6. Talbot TR, Bradley SE, Cosgrove SE, Ruef C, Siegel JD, Weber DJ. Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers and vaccine allocation for healthcare workers during vaccine shortages. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2005;26(11):882–890
  7. Department of Health and Human ServicesCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services. 42 CFR Part 483, Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Condition of Participation: Immunization Standard for Long-Term Care Facilities. Federal Register. 2005;70(194):58833–58852
  8. Nichol KL, Grimm MB, Peterson DC. Immunizations in long-term care facilities: Policies and practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44(4):349–355
  9. Zadeh MM, Buxton Bridges C, Thompson WW, Arden NH, Fukuda K. Influenza outbreak detection and control measures in nursing homes in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(10):1310–1315
  10. Arden N, Monto AS, Ohmit SE. Vaccine use and the risk of outbreaks in a sample of nursing homes during an influenza epidemic. Am J Public Health. 1995;85(3):399–401
  11. Bardenheier B, Shefer A, McKibben L, Roberts H, Bratzler D. Characteristics of long-term-care facility residents associated with receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25(11):946–954
  12. Carman WF, Elder AG, Wallace LA, et al. Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;355(9198):93–97
  13. King WD, Woolhandler SJ, Brown AF, et al. BRIEF REPORT: Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Workers in the United States. J Gen Intern Med Jan. 2006;20:
  14. Potter J, Stott DJ, Roberts MA, et al. Influenza vaccination of health care workers in long-term-care hospitals reduces the mortality of elderly patients. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(1):1–6
  15. Bridges CB, Thompson WW, Meltzer MI, et al. Effectiveness and cost-benefit of influenza vaccination of healthy working adults: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284(13):1655–1663
  16. Jefferson T, Rivetti D, Rivetti A, Rudin M, Di Pietrantonj C, Demicheli V. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people: A systematic review. Lancet. 2005;366(9492):1165–1174
  17. Drinka PJ, Gravenstein S, Krause P, Schilling M, Miller BA, Shult P. Outbreaks of influenza A and B in a highly immunized nursing home population. J Fam Pract. 1997;45(6):509–514
  18. Patriarca PA, Weber JA, Parker RA, et al. Risk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes (A case-control study). Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124(1):114–119
  19. Update: Influenza activity—United States and worldwide, 2004–05 season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(25):631–634
  20. Poland GA, Tosh P, Jacobson RM. Requiring influenza vaccination for health care workers: seven truths we must accept. Vaccine. 2005;23(17–18):2251–2255
  21. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Proposed Standards for Immunization of Staff, Students, Volunteers, and Licensed Independent Practitioners Against Influenza. 2006;Available at: http://www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/3207FFDF-C540-40FD-8901-55AEFD764F03/0/influenza_immunization_stds_fr.pdf. Accessed March 27
  22. Medicare Quality Improvement Community (MedQIC). Immunizations Toolkit. 2006;Available at: http://www.medqic.org/dcs/ContentServer?cid=1105558764854&pagename=Medqic%2FMQTools%2FToolTemplate&parentName=Topic&c=MQTools. Accessed March 23

 The authors had no conflicts of interest associated with the conduct of this study.

PII: S1525-8610(06)00333-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.06.002

JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 9 , Pages 562-567 , November 2006

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