JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 9, Supplement , Pages S7-S12 , November 2006

Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anemia Associated With CKD in Elderly

  • Anil K. Agarwal, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Anil K. Agarwal, MD, The Ohio State University, Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, N210 Means, 1654 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210.

References 

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  3. Esbach JW, Adamson JW. Anemia of end-stage renal disease. 1985;28:1–5
  4. MacDougall IC. Role of uremic toxins in exacerbating anemia in renal failure. Kidney Int. 2001;78(Suppl):S67–S72
  5. KEEP: Kidney Early Evaluation Program. Annual Data Report. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(Suppl 4):S1–S60
  6. Eschbach JW, Varma A, Stivelman JC. Is it time for a paradigm shift?. Is erythropoietin deficiency still the main cause of renal anaemia? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(Suppl 5):2–7
  7. Radtke HW, Claussner A, Erbes PM, et al. Serum erythropoietin concentration in chronic renal failure: relationship to degree of anemia and excretory renal function. Blood. 1979;54:877–884
  8. Obrador GT, Ruthazer R, Arora P. Prevalence of and factors associated with suboptimal care before initiation of dialysis in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:1793–1800
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  10. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D. The losartan renal protection study: rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan). J Ren Ang Ald Sys. 2000;1:328–335
  11. NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(1 Suppl 1):S182–S238
  12. Locatelli F, Aljama P, Bárány P, et al. European Best Practice Guidelines Working Group (Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(Suppl 2):ii1–ii5
  13. WHO/UNICEF/UNU. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001;
  14. Schwartz A, Prasad V, Garcha J. Anemia of chronic kidney disease: A combined effect of marginal iron stores and erythropoietin deficiency. Dialysis Transplant. 2004;33:758–767
  15. Rimon E, Kagansky N, Kagansky M, et al. Are we giving too much iron? Low-dose iron therapy is effective in octogenarians. Am J Med. 2005;118:1142–1147
  16. Schaefer RM, Bahner U. Iron metabolism in rhEPO-treated hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol. 2000;53(Suppl):S65–S68
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  18. Erythropoetin (Epogen/Procrit) [package insert]. Raritan (NJ): Ortho Biotech Products, LP; 2005. Available at: http://www.epogen.com/pdf/epogen_pi.pdf. Accessed August 16, 2006.
  19. Darbepoetin (Aranesp) [package insert]. Thousand Oaks (CA): Amgen Inc.; 2005.Available at: http://www.aranesp.com/pdf/aranesp_PI.pdf Accessed August 16, 2006.
  20. Jadoul M, Vanrenterghem Y, Foret M, et al. Darbepoetin Alfa 20000144 Study Group Darbepoetin alfa administered once monthly maintains haemoglobin levels in stable dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:898–903
  21. Agarwal A, Ling B, Wacky M, et al. Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) administered once monthly maintains hemoglobin levels in patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 2004;Presented at: Annual Meeting of the National Kidney Foundation Clinical Nephrology; April 28–May 2, Chicago, IL.
  22. Fink J, Provenzano R, Woodman R, Hill K, et al. Comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of once-weekly (QW) epoetin alfa (EPO) in elderly (≥65) and non-elderly (<65) patients with anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD). J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(Suppl 1):s25
  23. Provenzano R, Bhaduri S, Singh AK PROMPT Study Group. Extended epoetin alfa dosing as maintenance treatment for the anemia of chronic kidney disease: The PROMPT study. Clin Nephrol. 2005;64:113–123
  24. Hertel J, Locay H, Scarlata D, et al. Darbepoetin alfa administered every other week maintains hemoglobin levels over 52 weeks in patients with chronic kidney disease converting from once-weekly recombinant human erythropoietin: results from Simplify the Treatment of Anemia with Aranesp (STAAR). Am J Nephrol. 2006;26:149–156
  25. Ling B, Agarwal A, Scarlata D, Liu W, Brenner R, Audhya P. Once-monthly Aranesp (darbepoetin alfa) maintains hemoglobin in elderly chronic kidney disease patients. 2005;Poster presented at: American Geriatrics Society Annual Scientific Meeting; Orlando, FL.
  26. Ling B, Walczyk M, Agarwal A, et al. Darbepoetin alfa administered once monthly maintains hemoglobin concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol. 2005;63:327–334
  27. Agarwal A, Silver MR, Walczyk M, Liu W, Audhy P. Once-monthly darbepoetin alfa for maintaining hemoglobin levels in older patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc; in press.
  28. Radtke HW, Claussner A, Erbes PM. Serum erythropoietin concentration in chronic renal failure: Relationship to degree of anemia and excretory function. Blood. 1979;54:877–884

PII: S1525-8610(06)00458-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.09.005

JAMDA
Volume 7, Issue 9, Supplement , Pages S7-S12 , November 2006

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