JAMDA
Volume 9, Issue 3 , Pages 173-177 , March 2008

Animal-Assisted Therapy and Loneliness in Nursing Homes: Use of Robotic versus Living Dogs

  • Marian R. Banks, DNS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • ,
  • Lisa M. Willoughby, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
    • ,
  • William A. Banks, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to William A. Banks, MD, 915 N. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63106.

References 

  1. Russell DW, Cutrona CE. Loneliness and nursing home admission among rural older adults. Psychol Aging. 1997;12:574–589
  2. Peplau LA, Perlman D. Loneliness: A source book of current theory, research and theory. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1982;
  3. Holmen K, Ericsson K, Andersson L, Winblad B. Loneliness among elderly people living in Stockholm: A population study. J Adv Nurs. 1992;17:43–51
  4. Paunonen M, Haggman-Laitilla A. Life situation of aged home-nursing clients. J Community Health Nurs. 1990;7:167–178
  5. Russel DW. UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Personality Assessment. 1996;66:20–40
  6. Goldmeier J. Pets or people: Another research note. Gerontologist. 1986;26:203–206
  7. Calvert MM. Human-pet interaction and loneliness: A test of concepts from Roy’s adaptation model. Nurs Sci Q. 1989;2:194–202
  8. Banks MR, Banks WA. The effects of animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in an elderly population in long-term care facilities. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57A:M428–M432
  9. Banks MR, Banks WA. The effects of group and individual animal-assisted therapy on loneliness in residents of long-term care facilities. Anthrozoos. 2005;18:396–408
  10. Bowlby J. Attachment theory, separation anxiety, and mourning. In:  Arieti S editors. American Handbook of Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books; 1974;p. 292–309
  11. Baun MM, Bergstrom N, Langston NF, Thoma L. Physiological effects of human/companion animal bonding. Nurs Res. 1984;33:126–129
  12. Voith VL. Attachment of people to companion animals. Vet Clin North Am. 1985;15:289–295
  13. Ory MG, Goldberg EL. Pet possessions and life satisfaction in elderly women. In:  Katcher AH,  Beck AM editor. New Perspectives on Our Lives with Companion Animals. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1983;p. 303–319
  14. Garrity TF, Stallones L, Marx MB, Johnson TP. Pet ownership and attachment supportive factors in the health of the elderly. Anthrozoos. 1989;3:35–43
  15. Johnson TP, Garrity TF, Stallones L. Psychometric evaluation of the Lexington attachment to pets scale (LAPS). Anthrozoos. 1992;5:160–175
  16. Friedman B, Kahn PH, Hagman J. Hardware companions? (What online AIBO discussion forums reveal about the human-robotic relationship). Proceedings of CHI. 2003;5:273–280
  17. Melson GF, Kahn PH, Beck AM, Friedman B, Roberts T, Garrett E. Robots as Dogs? (Children’s interactions with the robotic dog AIBO and a live Australian shephard). Proceedings of CHI. 2005;1649–1652
  18. Kanamori M, Suzuki M, Tanaka M. [Maintenance and improvement of quality of life among elderly patients using a pet-type robot]. Nippon Ronen Iggakkai Zasshi. 2002;39:214–218Japanese
  19. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State: A practical guide for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198

 The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

PII: S1525-8610(07)00516-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.007

JAMDA
Volume 9, Issue 3 , Pages 173-177 , March 2008

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