JAMDA
Volume 9, Issue 7 , Pages 486-490 , September 2008

Hypertension in the Nursing Home

  • Wilbert S. Aronow, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Wilbert S. Aronow, MD, Cardiology Division, New York Medical College, Macy Pavilion, Room 138, Valhalla, NY 10595

References 

  1. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Gutstein H. Prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease in 1160 older men and 2464 older women in a long-term health care facility. J Gerontol A Bio Sci Med Sci. 2002;57A:M45–M46
  2. Mendelson G, Ness J, Aronow WS. Drug treatment of hypertension in older persons in an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:597–599
  3. Ziesmer V, Ghosh S, Aronow WS. Use of antihypertensive drug therapy in older persons in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2002;3:243–245
  4. Martin-Baranera M, Sanchez Ferrin P, Armario P Geriatric HTA Study group. Prevalence of hypertension in elderly long-term care residents in Spain (The Geriatric HTA study). Med Clin (Barc). 2006;127:681–687
  5. Thomas JM, Alvarez W, Mulaj M, et al. Control of hypertension in nursing homes. Rev Med Brux. 2006;27:S271–S273
  6. Koka M, Joseph J, Aronow WS. Adequacy of control of hypertension in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8:538–540
  7. Joseph J, Koka M, Aronow WS. Prevalence of a hemoglobin A1c <7.0%, of a blood pressure <130/80 mm Hg, and of a serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL in older patients with diabetes mellitus in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9:51–54
  8. Joseph J, Koka M, Aronow WS. Prevalence of moderate and severe renal insufficiency in older persons with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, ischemic stroke, and congestive heart failure in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9:257–259
  9. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group. National High Blood Pressure Education Program working group report on hypertension in the elderly. Hypertens. 1994;23:275–285
  10. Madhavan S, Ooi WL, Cohen H, Alderman MH. Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Hypertens. 1994;23:395–401
  11. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, Koenigsberg M. Congestive heart failure, coronary events and atherothrombotic brain infarction in elderly blacks and whites with systemic hypertension and with and without echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67:295–299
  12. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Risk factors for new coronary events in a large cohort of very elderly patients with and without coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:864–866
  13. Joseph J, Koka M, Aronow WS. Prevalence of use of antiplatelet drugs, beta blockers, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in older patients with coronary artery disease in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9:124–127
  14. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Gutstein H. Risk factors for new atherothrombotic brain infarction in 664 older men and 1,488 older women. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1381–1383
  15. Aronow WS, Frishman WH. Treatment of hypertension and prevention of ischemic stroke. Current Cardiology Reports. 2004;6:124–129
  16. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I. Comparison of incidences of congestive heart failure in older African-Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:611–612
  17. Aronow WS. Treatment of systolic and diastolic heart failure in the elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2006;7:29–36
  18. Aronow WS, Sales FF, Etienne F, Lee NH. Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and its correlation with risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients in a long-term health care facility. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62:644–646
  19. Aronow WS, Frishman WH. Effect of antihypertensive drug treatment on cognitive function. Clin Geriatr. 2006;14:25–28
  20. Gandelman G, Aronow WS, Varma R. Prevalence of adequate blood pressure control in self-pay or Medicare patients versus Medicaid or private insurance patients with systemic hypertension followed in a university cardiology or general medicine clinic. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:815–816
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  29. Mendelson G, Nassimiha D, Aronow WS. Simultaneous measurements of blood pressures in right and left brachial arteries. Cardiol Rev. 2004;12:276–278
  30. Ryan TJ, Antman EM, Brooks NH, et al. 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations (A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)). Circulation. 1999;100:1016–1030
  31. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145–153
  32. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I. Effect of beta blockers alone, of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors alone, and of beta blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on new coronary events and on congestive heart failure in older persons with healed myocardial infarcts and asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1298–1300
  33. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Effect of beta blockers on incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:780–781
  34. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Effect of beta blockers on incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1284–1286
  35. Pahor M, Psaty BM, Alderman MH, et al. Health outcomes associated with calcium antagonists compared with other first-line antihypertensive therapies: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2000;356:1949–1954
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  37. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Incidence of new coronary events in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and systemic hypertension treated with beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists, and alpha blockers. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:1207–1209
  38. Bryson CL, Smith NL, Kuller LH, et al. Risk of congestive heart failure in an elderly population treated with peripheral alpha-1 antagonists. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:1648–1654
  39. Kennedy HL, Brooks MM, Barker AH, et al. Beta-blocker therapy in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:674–680
  40. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Mercando AD, et al. Effect of propranolol versus no antiarrhythmic drug on sudden cardiac death, total cardiac death, and total death in patients ≥62 years of age with heart disease, complex ventricular arrhythmias, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:267–270
  41. MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353:2001–2007
  42. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I. Effect of propranolol versus no propranolol on total mortality plus nonfatal myocardial infarction in older patients with prior myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40% treated with diuretics plus angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:207–209
  43. Aronow WS, Frishman WH. Angina in the elderly. In:  Aronow WS,  Fleg JL,  Rich MW editor. Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly. 4th ed.. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare; 2008;p. 269–292
  44. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Mercando AD, et al. Decrease of mortality by propranolol in patients with heart disease and complex ventricular arrhythmias is more an anti-ischemic than an antiarrhythmic effect. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:613–615
  45. Aronow WS. Treatment of atrial fibrillation. Part 1. Cardiol Rev. Accepted for publication.
  46. Aronow WS. Treatment of atrial fibrillation. Part 2. Cardiol Rev. Accepted for publication.
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  51. Aronow WS. Treatment of heart failure with abnormal left ventricular systolic function in the elderly. In:  Aronow WS editors. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine (Heart Failure). 23:Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2007;p. 61–81
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  53. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:861–869
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  55. Aronow WS. Updated National Cholesterol Education Program III guidelines. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005;6:160–161
  56. Zarowitz BJ, Aronow WS, Hollenack K, O'Shea T. The application of evidence-based principles of care in older persons (issue 2): Management of lipid disorders. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2006;7:173–179
  57. Aronow WS. Managing hyperlipidaemia in the elderly (Special considerations for a population at high risk). Drugs Aging. 2006;23:181–189
  58. Koka M, Joseph J, Aronow WS. Prevalence of adequate and of optimal control of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in an academic nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8:604–606
  59. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:533–550
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  62. Ravipati G, Aronow WS, Ahn C, et al. Association of hemoglobin A1c level with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:968–969
  63. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Weiss MB, Babu S. Relation of hemoglobin A1c levels to severity of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:1468–1469
  64. Chiong JR, Aronow WS, Khan IA, et al. Secondary hypertension: Current diagnosis and treatment. Int J Cardiol. 2008;124:6–21
  65. Aronow WS. Dizziness and syncope. In:  Hazzard WR,  Blass JP,  Ettinger WH, et al. editor. Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 4th ed.. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 1998;p. 1519–1534

 The author has no conflicts of interest pertaining to this article.

PII: S1525-8610(08)00114-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.03.013

JAMDA
Volume 9, Issue 7 , Pages 486-490 , September 2008

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