JAMDA
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 155-160 , March 2009

Program of All-Inclusive Care (PACE): Past, Present, and Future

  • Victor Hirth, MD, MHA

      Affiliations

    • Palmetto Health, Columbia
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Victor Hirth, MD, MHA, Geriatric Services, Palmetto Health, 3010 Farrow Road, Suite 300A, Columbia, SC 29203.
    • ,
  • Judith Baskins, RN

      Affiliations

    • Palmetto Health, Columbia
    • ,
  • Maureen Dever-Bumba, MSN, DrPH(c)

      Affiliations

    • University of South Carolina, Columbia

References 

  1. Rogers S, Komisar H. Who Needs Long-Term Care? Fact sheet. Washington, DC: Georgetown University; 2003;
  2. Stone R. Long-Term Care for the Elderly with Disabilities: Current Policy, Emerging Trends, and Implications for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Milbank Memorial Fund; 2000;
  3. Georgetown University Long-Term Care Financing Project Factsheet. National Spending for Long-Term Care. Washington, DC: Georgetown University; 2007;
  4. Ansak M, Zawadski R. On Lok CCODA: A consolidated model. Home Health Care Serv Q. 1983;4:147–170
  5. Eng C, Pedulla J, Eleazer GP, McCann R, Fox N. Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): An innovative model of integrated geriatric care and financing. J Am Geriatr Soc 997;45:223–232.
  6. Doste T. On Lok: replicating a capitated LTC program. Hospitals. 1987;5:112
  7. Trice L. PACE: A model for providing comprehensive healthcare for frail elders. Generations. 2006;30:90–92
  8. National PACE Association. PACE and Pre-PACE Providers. Available at: www.npaonline.org. Accessed November 1, 2008.
  9. Mukamel D, Temkin-Greener H, Clark M. Stability of disability among PACE enrollee: Financial and programmatic implications. Health Care Financ Rev. 1998;19:83–100
  10. Eng C. The On Lok/PACE model of geriatric managed care: Interdisciplinary approach to care of frail elderly. Current Concepts in Geriatric Managed Care. 1996;2:3–24
  11. Eng C. Multidisciplinary approach to medical care: the On Lok model. Clinical Report on Aging. 1987;1(5):10–11
  12. Greenwood R. The PACE model. Center for Medical Education Brief. 2001;2:1–7
  13. Weiland D, Lamb V, Wang H, Sutton S, et al. Hospitalization in the program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE): Rates, concomitants, and predictors. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:1373–1380
  14. Temkin-Greener H, Mukamel D. Predicting place of death in the program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE): Participant versus program characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:125–135
  15. Sands L, Yaffe K, Lui L. The effects of illness on ADL decline over one year in frail older adults with and without cognitive impairment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57:M449–454
  16. Mukamel D, Temkin-Greener H, Delavan R, Peterson DR, et al. Team Performance and risk adjusted health outcomes in the program of the all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE). Gerontologist. 2006;46:227–237
  17. Grabowski DC. The cost-effectiveness of noninstitutional long-term care services: Review and synthesis of the most recent evidence. Med Care Res Rev. 2006;63:3–28
  18. Friedman SM, Steinwachs DM, Rathouz PJ, Burton LC, et al. Characteristics predicting nursing home admission in the program of all-inclusive care for elderly people. Gerontologist. 2005;45:157–166
  19. Branch LG, Coulam RF, Zimmerman YA. The PACE evaluation: Initial findings. Gerontologist. 1995;35:349–359
  20. Tan EJ, Lui LY, Eng C, Jha AK, et al. Differences in mortality of black and white patients enrolled in the program of all-inclusive care for the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:246–251
  21. Sands LP, Wang Y, McCabe GP, Jennings K, et al. Rates of acute care admissions for frail older people living with met versus unmet activity of daily living needs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:339–344
  22. Friedman SM, Steinwachs DM, Temkin-Greener H, Mukamel DB. Informal caregivers and the risk of nursing home admission among individuals enrolled in the program of all-inclusive care for the elderly. Gerontologist. 2006;46:456–463
  23. Mukamel DB, Peterson DR, Bajorska A, Temkin-Greener H, et al. Variations in risk-adjusted outcomes in a managed acute/long-term care program for frail elderly individuals. Int J Qual Health Care. 2004;16:293–301
  24. Temkin-Greener H, Bajorska A, Mukamel DB. Variations in service use in the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE): Is more better?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:731–738
  25. Gross DL, Temkin-Greener H, Kunitz S, Mukamel DB. The growing pains of integrated health care for the elderly: Lessons from the expansion of PACE. Milbank Q. 2004;82:257–282
  26. Bodenheimer T. Long-term care for frail elderly people—the On Lok model. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1324–1328
  27. Anderson W, Wiener J, O'Keefe J. Money follows the person initiatives of the systems change grantees. Final Report: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2006:1–18.
  28. Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, Flood S. Variations on a theme called PACE. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:689–693
  29. Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, Flood S. The effects of a variant of the program for all-inclusive care of the elderly on hospital utilization and outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:276–283
  30. Reardon G, McNabney M, Bloom S, Eng C. Should programs of all-inclusive care for the elderly use community-based primary care physicians?. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9:275–278
  31. National PACE Association. Setting the PACE for Rural Elder Care: A Framework for Action, 2002. Available at: www.npaonline.org. Accessed November 1, 2008.

PII: S1525-8610(08)00426-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2008.12.002

JAMDA
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 155-160 , March 2009

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