Preventing Aspiration in the Nursing Home: The Role of Biofilm and Data from the ICU

Two aspiration syndromes have been identified: Aspiration pneumonia is infectious caused by micro-aspiration of oral bacteria secondary to neurogenic dysphagia or sedation. Infectious bacteria may also be aspirated from the stomach. Aspiration pneumonitis classically follows large bolus aspiration of food, acid, or digestive enzymes and is initially noninfectious. Large bolus gastric aspiration events may have an acute/dramatic onset. This article discusses (1) prevention of recurrent aspiration events caused by 2 common motility disorders: neurogenic dysphagia and gastro esophageal reflux; (2) mechanical source control (debridement/drainage) of sites that may harbor large collections of bacteria protected from antibiotics in biofilm including dental plaque, coated tongue, and chronic sinusitis.

Keywords: Aspiration pneumonia, prevention, nursing home