JAMDA
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 58-61 , January 2011

The Relationship of Vitamin D Status to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Amputation Risk in Veterans With Peripheral Arterial Disease

  • Vamsi C. Gaddipati, BS

      Affiliations

    • Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN
  • ,
  • Beth A. Bailey, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
  • ,
  • Reena Kuriacose, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
  • ,
  • Rebecca J. Copeland, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
  • ,
  • Todd Manning, BA

      Affiliations

    • Medicine Service, Mountain Home VAMC, Mountain Home, TN
  • ,
  • Alan N. Peiris, MD, PhD, MRCP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
    • Medicine Service, Mountain Home VAMC, Mountain Home, TN
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Alan N. Peiris, MD, PhD, MRCP, Mountain Home VAMC, Medicine Service-111, Mountain Home, TN 37684.

References 

  1. Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000. Circulation. 2004;110:738–743
  2. Stehouwer CD, Clement D, Davidson C, et al. Peripheral arterial disease: A growing problem for the internist. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20:132–138
  3. Hiatt WR, Hoag S, Hamman RF. Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Circulation. 1995;91:1472–1479
  4. Flu H, van der Hage JH, Knippenberg B, et al. Treatment for peripheral arterial obstructive disease: An appraisal of the economic outcome of complications. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:368–376
  5. Bianchi C, Penno G, Pancani F, et al. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78:246–253
  6. Holick MF. Sunlight, UV-radiation, vitamin D and skin cancer: How much sunlight do we need?. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;624:1–15
  7. Drinka PJ, Krause PF, Nest LJ, Goodman BM. Determinants of vitamin D levels in nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007;8:76–79
  8. Peiris AN, Bailey BA, Manning T. The relationship of vitamin D deficiency to health care costs in veterans. Mil Med. 2008;173:1214–1218
  9. Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002;110:229–238
  10. O'Connell TD, Berry JE, Jarvis AK, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulation of cardiac myocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:H1751–1758
  11. Mitsuhashi T, Morris RC, Ives HE. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:1889–1895
  12. Watson KE, Abrolat ML, Malone LL, et al. Active serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with coronary calcification. Circulation. 1997;96:1755–1760
  13. Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;65:593–597
  14. Kim DH, Sabour S, Sagar UN, et al. Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in cardiovascular diseases (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2004). Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:1540–1544
  15. Melamed ML, Muntner P, Michos ED, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1179–1185
  16. Reis JP, Michos ED, von Muhlen D, Miller ER. Differences in vitamin D status as a possible contributor to the racial disparity in peripheral arterial disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1469–1477
  17. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–281
  18. Giovannini I, Chiarla C, Giuliante F, et al. The relationship between albumin, other plasma proteins and variables, and age in the acute phase response after liver resection in man. Amino Acids. 2006;31:463–469
  19. Forouhi NG, Luan J, Cooper A, et al. Baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D is predictive of future glycemic status and insulin resistance: The Medical Research Council Ely Prospective Study 1990–2000. Diabetes. 2008;57:2619–2625
  20. Major GC, Alarie F, Dore J, et al. Supplementation with calcium + vitamin D enhances the beneficial effect of weight loss on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:54–59
  21. de Boer IH, Kestenbaum B, Shoben AB, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely associate with risk for developing coronary artery calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1805–1812
  22. Shroff R, Egerton M, Bridel M, et al. A bimodal association of vitamin D levels and vascular disease in children on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1239–1246
  23. Suzuki Y, Ichiyama T, Ohsaki A, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in human coronary arterial endothelial cells: Implication for the treatment of Kawasaki disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009;113:134–138
  24. London GM, Guerin AP, Verbeke FH, et al. Mineral metabolism and arterial functions in end-stage renal disease: potential role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:613–620
  25. Tukaj C. Enhanced proliferation of aortal smooth muscle cells treated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitro coincides with impaired formation of elastic fibres. Int J Exp Pathol. 2008;89:117–124
  26. Barreto DV, Barreto FC, Liabeuf S, et al. Vitamin D affects survival independently of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:1128–1135
  27. Freundlich M, Quiroz Y, Zhang Z, et al. Suppression of renin-angiotensin gene expression in the kidney by paricalcitol. Kidney Int. 2008;74:1394–1402
  28. Rigby WF, Denome S, Fanger MW. Regulation of lymphokine production and human T lymphocyte activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Specific inhibition at the level of messenger RNA. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:1659–1664
  29. Pittas AG, Harris SS, Stark PC, Dawson-Hughes B. The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:980–986
  30. Kasuga H, Hosogane N, Matsuoka K, et al. Characterization of transgenic rats constitutively expressing vitamin D-24-hydroxylase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;297:1332–1338
  31. Briese S, Wiesner S, Will JC, et al. Arterial and cardiac disease in young adults with childhood-onset end-stage renal disease-impact of calcium and vitamin D therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:1906–1914
  32. Davis W, Rockway S, Kwasny M. Effect of a combined therapeutic approach of intensive lipid management, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, and increased serum 25 (OH) vitamin D on coronary calcium scores in asymptomatic adults. Am J Ther. 2009;16:326–332
  33. Pilz S, Dobnig H, Fischer JE, et al. Low vitamin D levels predict stroke in patients referred to coronary angiography. Stroke. 2008;39:2611–2613

 We acknowledge the American Heart Association for their funding and support of the Health Science Fellowship program.

 The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

PII: S1525-8610(10)00063-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2010.02.006

JAMDA
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 58-61 , January 2011