Death is an inevitable consequence of being born (Figure 1). As such, it is important that human beings recognize this inevitability and plan
for a good death. Although in most developed countries there is increased awareness
of the need to plan for death by having advanced directives and/or a living will,
in many cultures, the discussion and/or recognition of death is avoided. For example,
in some Asian cultures, discussing death is bad luck, basically because of fear of
death and the thinking of no world after death. In Singapore education, programs such
as “both sides” and “happy coffins” have been launched to engage older persons in
discussions about the end of life (www.lienfoundation.org) (Figure 2).
![Figure thumbnail gr1]()
![Figure thumbnail gr2]()

Fig. 1Death - An Inevitable Consequence of Birth.

Fig. 2Happy Coffins - Part of the Singapore education program: Lien Foundation's Life Before
Death Campaign, www.happycoffins.org.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 733-742
- End-of-life care in the nursing home.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011; 12: 77-83
- Integrating palliative care in the nursing home: An interprofessional opportunity.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 863-865
- Strategies and innovative models for delivering palliative care in nursing homes.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011; 12: 91-98
- Hospice use among nursing home patients.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 254-259
- The effect of hospice on hospitalizations of nursing home residents.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 155-159
- Consensus-derived interventions to reduce acute care transfer (INTERACT)-compatible order sets for common conditions associated with potentially avoidable hospitalization.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 524-526
- Transitions.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11: 607-611
- Process evaluation of a quality improvement project to decrease hospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 648-653
- The interventions to reduce acute care transfers (INTERACT) quality improvement program: An overview for medical directors and primary care clinicians in long term care.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 162-170
- Frailty in nursing homes: The FRAIL-NH scale.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 87-89
- Predicting adverse health outcomes in nursing homes: A 9-year longitudinal study and development of the FRAIL-minimum data Set (MDS) quick screening tool.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 1042-1047
- A comparative analysis of comprehensive geriatric assessments for nursing home residents receiving palliative care: A systematic review.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 467-476
- Functional improvement among short-stay nursing home residents in the MDS 3.0.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 470-474
- Overview of significant changes in the Minimum Data Set for nursing homes version 3.0.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012; 13: 595-601
- MDS 3.0: Can this release be all things to all people?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012; 13: 576-577
- Finding Gertrude: The resident’s voice in Minimum Data Set 3.0.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 802-806
- Sensitivity and specificity of the Minimum Data Set 3.0 discharge data relative to Medicare claims.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 819-824
- Rapid geriatric assessment.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 808-812
- Aging successfully: The key to aging in place.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 1005-1007
- Attitudes toward death, dying, end-of-life palliative care, and interdisciplinary practice in long term care workers.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 207-213
- Evaluation of a continuous quality improvement initiative for end-of-life care for older noncancer patients.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011; 12: 105-113
- Impact of symptoms and care practices on nursing home residents at the end of life: A rating by front-line care providers.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17: 155-161
- Dying in a nursing home: Treatable symptom burden and its link to modifiable features of work context.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 6: 515-520
- Pain and its treatment in older nursing home hospice/palliative care residents.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11: 579-583
- Palliative sedation in nursing homes: A good death?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 541-543
- Continuous sedation until death with or without the intention to hasten death—a nationwide study in nursing homes in Flanders.Belgium. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 570-575
- Re-branding cannabis: The next generation of chronic pain medicine?.Pain Manag. 2015; 5: 13-21
- The subjective effects of dagga: Including comparative studies with Britain and America.S Afr Med J. 1973; 47: 1145-1149
- Anorexia of aging in long term care: Is dronabinol an effective appetite stimulant? A pilot study.J Nutr Health Aging. 2007; 11: 195-198
- Depression in long-term care.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008; 9: 82-87
- Depression in nursing home residents.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11: 301-303
- Process evaluation of a multicomponent intervention program (EXBELT) to reduce belt restraints in nursing homes.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 599-604
- Effect of physical restraint reduction on older patients’ hospital length of stay.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012; 13: 645-650
- Physical restraints: Abusive and harmful.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012; 13: 311-313
- Use of antipsychotic drugs among residents with dementia in European long-term care facilities: Results from the SHELTER study.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 911-917
- Antipsychotics and dementia: A time for restraint?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012; 13: 761-763
- Constipation in long-term care.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007; 8: 209-218
- Evolving paradigms in the treatment of opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2015; 8: 360-372
- Opioid-induced constipation.Pain Med. 2015; 16: S16-S21
- Factors associated with weight loss, low BMI, and malnutrition among nursing home patients: A systematic review of the literature.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 649-655
- Body weight, anorexia, and undernutrition in older people.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 642-648
- Pathophysiology of the anorexia of aging.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013; 16: 27-32
- Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 740-747
- Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: A position paper from the PROT-AGE study group.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 542-559
- Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance?.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013; 68: 677-681
- Pause before a PEG: A feeding tube may not be necessary in every candidate!.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11: 453-456
- Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2009; 10: 264-270
- Tube feeding in dementia: How incentives undermine health care quality and patient safety.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007; 8: 205-208
- Clinical update on nursing home medicine: 2015.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 911-922
- Meaningful activities in the nursing home.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 79-81
- Maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy: An economic evaluation within a randomized controlled trial.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 63-70
- Cognitive and physical stimulation therapy.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 140-141
- Cognitive stimulation therapy: A tool for your practice with persons with dementia?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 795-796
- Polypharmacy in nursing home residents: What is the way forward?.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17: 4-6
- Inappropriate drug prescribing and polypharmacy are major causes of poor outcomes in long-term care.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 780-782
- Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in long-term care facilities: A systematic review.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 535.e1-535.e12
- Searching for a polypharmacy threshold associated with frailty.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16: 259-261
- Reducing polypharmacy: Evidence from a simple quality improvement initiative.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013; 14: 152-156
- An analysis of the interactions between individual comorbidities and their treatments—implications for guidelines and polypharmacy.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010; 11: 475-484
- International association of gerontology and geriatrics: A global agenda for clinical research and quality of care in nursing homes.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011; 12: 184-189
- The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) nursing home initiative.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 307-308
- International survey of nursing home research priorities.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 309-312
Article info
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.