Abstract
Background
Music therapy is demonstrated to be effective to relieve the agitation among people
with dementia, but the comparative effectiveness of methods of music engagement for
people with dementia is uncertain.
Objective
To evaluate the effects on cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms between interactive
and receptive music therapies for people with dementia.
Methods
Prospective studies evaluating interactive and receptive music therapies were identified
from the OVID databases, included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Supplementary
search was conducted in Google Scholar. The primary outcome focused on cognitive function;
the secondary outcomes were apathy, anxiety, depressive symptoms, agitation, and other
behavioral problems. All outcomes were measured by the standard assessment tools.
The heterogeneity of studies was examined, and the effects were pooled by meta-analysis.
Quality of studies and risk of bias were assessed.
Results
Thirty-eight trials involving 1418 participants with dementia were included. The mean
age ranged from 75 to 90 years, and the percentage of male participants ranged from
6% to 83%. No significant difference was found between participants receiving interactive
or receptive music therapy and usual care in cognitive function; the mean difference
(MD) of Mini-Mental State Examination was 0.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.34
to 1.69], and −0.15 (95% CI −0.55 to 0.25), respectively. Participants with receptive
music therapy had significant decrease in agitation (Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory:
MD = −7.99, 95% CI −5.11 to −0.87) and behavioral problems (Neuropsychiatric Inventory:
MD = −3.02 95% CI −5.90 to −0.15) compared to usual care, while no significant difference
was found between interactive music therapy and usual care in behavioral problems
and psychiatric symptoms.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that receptive music therapy could reduce agitation, behavioral
problems, and anxiety in older people with dementia, and appears to be more effective
than interactive music therapy. It is easy and convenient to implement receptive music
therapy; therefore, we recommended the use of receptive music therapy in nursing homes,
day care centers, and client homes.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 04, 2018
Footnotes
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
