Abstract
Objectives
Design
Setting
Participants
Measurements
Results
Conclusions/Implications
Keywords
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationReferences
- Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: Insights from neuroimaging.Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12: 483-497
- Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration.Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12: 822-838
- Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of cerebral small vessel disease: Data from three Asian countries.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017; 88: 669-674
- Telmisartan on top of antihypertensive treatment does not prevent progression of cerebral white matter lesions in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) MRI substudy.Stroke. 2012; 43: 2336-2342
- Low carotid artery wall shear stress is independently associated with brain white-matter hyperintensities and cognitive impairment in older patients.Atherosclerosis. 2016; 247: 78-86
- Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.JAMA. 2016; 16: 1997-2007
- Comparison of five major guidelines for statin use in primary prevention in a contemporary general population.Ann Intern Med. 2018; 168: 85-92
- Effects of statins on the progression of cerebral white matter lesion: Post hoc analysis of the ROCAS (Regression of Cerebral Artery Stenosis) study.J Neurol. 2009; 256: 750-757
- Effects of statins on progression of subclinical brain infarct.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010; 30: 51-56
- Placebo-controlled trial of high-dose atorvastatin in patients with severe cerebral small vessel disease.Stroke. 2009; 40: 1721-1728
- Higher prevalence of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in homozygous APOE-ε4 allele carriers aged 45-75: Results from the ALFA study.J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018; 38: 250-261
- Identification of additional risk loci for stroke and small vessel disease: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15: 695-707
- Genetics of subcortical vascular dementia.Exp Geronotol. 2012; 47: 873-877
- Genetics of dementia.Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2010; 190: 58-61
- Apolipoprotein E: From atherosclerosis to Alzheimer's disease and beyond.Curr Opin Lipidol. 1999; 10: 207-217
- Apolipoprotein E as a target for developing new therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease based on studies from protein, RNA, and regulatory region of the gene.J Mol Neurosci. 2004; 23: 225-233
- Cerebral small vessel disease-induced apolipoprotein E leakage is associated with Alzheimer disease and the accumulation of amyloid beta-protein in perivascular astrocytes.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2008; 67: 842-856
- Apolipoprotein E genotype as a most significant predictor of lipid response at lipid-lowering therapy: Mechanistic and clinical studies.Biomed Pharmacother. 2011; 65: 597-603
- APOE gene polymorphisms and response to statin therapy.Pharmacogenomics J. 2009; 9: 248-257
- Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology.Science. 1988; 240: 622-630
- Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk.JAMA. 2007; 298: 1300-1311
- The apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele determines prognosis and the effect on prognosis of simvastatin in survivors of myocardial infarction: A substudy of the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study.Circulation. 2000; 101: 1366-1371
- Identification of genetic variants associated with response to statin therapy.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009; 29: 1310-1315
- Excessive lowering of blood pressure is not beneficial for progression of brain white matter hyperintensive and cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive patients: 4-year follow-up study.J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014; 15: 904-910
- Associations between cerebral small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease pathology as measured by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71: 855-862
- Cerebral microbleeds are associated with an increased risk of stroke: The Rotterdam study.Circulation. 2015; 132: 509-516
- Cerebral microbleeds: A guide to detection and interpretation.Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8: 165-174
- Risk factors associated with incident cerebral microbleeds according to location in older people: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study.JAMA Neurol. 2015; 72: 682-688
- Cerebral microbleed preceding symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in a stroke-free person.Neurology. 2009; 72: 763-765
- Hemorrhagic stroke in the stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels study.Neurology. 2008; 70: 2364-2370
- Statin use and microbleeds in patients with spontaneous interacerebral haemorrhage.Stroke. 2012; 43: 2677-2681
- Risk factors, stroke prevention treatments, and prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in the Framingham heart study.Stroke. 2014; 45: 1492-1494
- The issue of statin safety: Where do we stand?.Circulation. 2005; 111: 3016-3019
- A low-dose combination of fluvastatin and valsartan: A new “drug” and a new approach for decreasing the arterial age.Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 235709
- The low-dose atorvastatin and valsartan combination effectively protects the arterial wall from atherogenic diet-induced impairment in the guinear pig.Eur J Pharmacol. 2014; 743: 31-36
- Cerebral small vessel disease: A review of clinical, radiological, and histopathological phenotypes.Int J Stroke. 2012; 7: 36-46
- Genetic risk factors for cerebral small-vessel disease in hypertensive patients from a genetically isolated population.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011; 82: 41-44
- Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds.AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999; 20: 637-642
- Vascular pathology in the aged human brain.Acta Neuropathol. 2010; 119: 277-290
- APOE genotype and MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurology. 2013; 81: 292-300
- Association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with small-vessel lesions and stroke type in moyamoya disease: A preliminary study.J Neurosurg. 2016; 124: 1738-1745
- Association between APOE genotype, neuropathology and dementia in the older population of England and Wales.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2011; 37: 285-294
- Apolipoprotein E, statins and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke. 2013; 44: 3013-3017
- A randomized, controlled comparison of different intensive lipid-lowering therapies in Chinese patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS): Ezetimibe and rosuvastatin versus high-dose rosuvastatin.Int J Cardiol. 2017; 235: 49-55
- ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 40: 567-572
- Sex and race differences in the association between statin use and the incidence of Alzheimer disease.JAMA Neurol. 2017; 74: 225-232
- Sex differences in associations between blood lipids and cerebral small vessel disease.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018; 28: 28-34
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81670432, 81470489, and 81500232); Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (grant numbers ZR2014HM098 and ZR2016HM82); the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (grant numbers 2018GSF118044 and 2017GSF218060); and The Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Role of the Funding Source: The funders of the study had no role in study design or implementation, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing and reviewing the report. The corresponding author and data analyst had full access to all study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.