Abstract
Objectives
To study the effects of a nonpharmacologic intervention, Music and Memory (M&M), on
residents with dementia and/or behavioral problems living in nursing homes (NHs).
Design
This was a prospective, mixed-methods cohort study.
Setting and Participants
In total, 4107 residents in 265 California NHs and that reported data at least twice
during the 3-year study period were enrolled.
Measures
We used a quarterly rolling enrollment process; participants provided data at baseline
and quarterly via an online survey that included select resident level data from the
Minimum Data Set (psychotropic drug use, cognition, behaviors, mood, pain, and falls),
experience with the M&M program, and resident use of music. NHs were eligible if they
were Medicare- and Medicaid-certified and had 15 residents with a diagnosis of dementia
or cognitive impairment or exhibited significant behavioral symptoms.
Results
M&M was associated with reductions in psychotropic medication use, reduced behaviors,
and improved mood. The odds of antipsychotic use declined by about 11%, of antianxiety
medications by 17%, and antidepressants by 9% per quarter. Aggressive behaviors, depressive
symptoms, pain, and falls also declined significantly over time. The odds of residents
exhibiting aggressive behaviors declined by 20% per quarter, depressive symptoms by
16%, reported pain by 17%, and falls by 8%.
Conclusions and Implications
This is the largest study of M&M to date. We found clinically and statistically significant
reductions in psychotropic medications and improved behaviors in residents using M&M.
Although the study showed positive results overall, the lack of a control group was
a significant limitation that precluded determining how much more improvement participating
residents experienced compared with nonparticipants. Future studies should include
a control group so that better conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness
of the M&M program.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 04, 2020
Footnotes
This work was supported by Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services Civil Money Penalty funds, administered by the California Department of Public Health (Contract #15-10334). The California Association of Health Facilities was the Sponsor for this project.
This project was also supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health through grant # UL1 TR001860.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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