Abstract
Objectives
Investigating the lifestyle activity patterns of urban community-dwelling Japanese
older adults, focusing on physical frailty and cognitive impairment.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and Participants
Participants comprised 8003 older adults (4489 women; mean age: 72.5 years, SD = ±6.1,
range 60-95 years) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of
Geriatric Syndromes.
Methods
Participants reported on their lifestyle activity status, including using public transport,
grocery shopping, light exercise, gardening, money management, meeting friends, participating
in events, and travel. Several potential confounding variables, such as demographic
characteristics, were considered. We assessed their lifestyle activity patterns using
a latent class analysis and defined physical frailty by either slow walking speed
or poor grip strength. Cognitive impairment was defined by participants exhibiting
more than 1 of the following symptoms: poor word list memory, poor attention, reduced
executive function, and low processing speed test scores. We also examined the relationship
between their lifestyle activity patterns and physical frailty and cognitive impairment.
Results
The overall prevalence of robustness, physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and
frailty and cognitive impairment was 54.6%, 21.4%, 13.3%, and 10.7%, respectively.
We defined 4 classes using latent class analysis: greater engagement in multidomain
activities, lower engagement in going-out activities, lower engagement in cognitive
and physical activities, and lower engagement in multidomain activities. Moreover,
physical frailty and cognitive impairment were independently associated with lower
engagement in going-out activity, lower engagement in cognitive and physical activities,
and lower engagement in multidomain activities, after adjusting for covariates.
Conclusions and Implications
Considering an older adult's lifestyle activity patterns in their day-to-day practice,
clinicians can deliver more older adult-centered care, which in turn might lead to
better outcomes in the primary prevention of disease.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 18, 2020
Footnotes
This work was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (grant numbers: 15dk0207004h0203 and 18dk0110021h0003); the Research Funding for Longevity Sciences (27-22) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K24188.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Identification
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© 2020 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
