Abstract
Objectives
There are a few studies showing how nutritional parameters are affected according
to dementia subtypes. The aim of this study was to compare the parameters characterizing
nutritional status and micronutrient levels according to different dementia subtypes.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and Participants
Four hundred forty outpatients aged 65 years or older.
Measures
Newly diagnosed patients with dementia, who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment
(CGA), were retrospectively evaluated. The data on CGA including nutritional status
(body mass index), Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, albumin, and micronutrients
(vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D) were recorded.
Results
Of the 396 patients, 195 were diagnosed with Alzheimer type dementia, 70 dementia
with Lewy body (DLB), 25 with vascular dementia (VaD), 51 with frontotemporal dementia
(FTD), and 55 with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The mean age of the study group
was 76.87 ± 8.15 years. The prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition
were 17.17% and 43.18% in patients, with dementia, respectively. The results of ordinal
logistic analysis adjusted by age, sex, and all comorbidities, showed that patients
with DLB and VaD were more likely to develop malnutrition [odds ratios 6.834 and 5.414,
respectively (P < .001)], whereas FTD had a lower risk of developing malnutrition than the other
dementia subtypes (odds ratio 2.883, P = .002).There was no difference in terms of other parameters including vitamin B12,
folate, and vitamin D (P > .05).
Conclusions
and Implication: There is a close relationship between dementia and malnutrition.
Clinical approaches to minimize malnutrition in persons with dementia should include
regular screening for malnutrition and its risk factors, avoidance of dietary restrictions,
and support of persons at risk for malnutrition with oral nutritional supplements.
Moreover, the influence of nutritional status varies in different types of dementia.
Nutritional status may be worse in DLB and VaD compared with other types of dementia,
whereas nutritional status in FTD is less.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 04, 2020
Footnotes
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
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