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Editorial| Volume 22, ISSUE 3, P484-488, March 2021

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientific Publishing

  • Philip D. Sloane
    Correspondence
    Address correspondence to Philip D. Sloane, MD, MPH, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Campus Box 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590, USA.
    Affiliations
    Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Departments of Family Medicine and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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  • Sheryl Zimmerman
    Affiliations
    Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Published:January 28, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.073
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Scientific Publishing
Previous ArticleIn Memoriam: Kathryn Hyer, 1953-2021
Next ArticleNontraditional Small House Nursing Homes Have Fewer COVID-19 Cases and Deaths
      The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact on health, health care, medical sciences, and many aspects of scientific research. Post-acute and long-term care organizations were especially impacted and rapidly became epicenters of the coronavirus epidemic and its response. A study of COVID-19 mortality across 12 countries conducted in July 2020 found that mortality rates for older persons in long-term care were 24 times those of community-dwelling older persons and 664 times higher than those of community-dwelling younger persons.
      • Sepulveda E.R.
      • Stall N.M.
      • Sinha S.K.
      A comparison of COVOD-19 mortality rates among long-term care residents in 12 OECD countries.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 1572-1574
      In response, the practice of long-term care medicine changed rapidly. Recommendations for full personal protective equipment (PPE), which beforehand had been rarely used, became commonplace. Employee and resident screening and visitor restrictions were implemented,
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
      Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
      https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html
      Date accessed: January 17, 2021
      accompanied by logistical challenges and resident and family stress.
      • Simard J.
      • Volicer L.
      Loneliness and isolation in long-term care and the COVID-19 pandemic.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 966-967
      Telemedicine, which before 2020 had been rare,
      • Scott Kruse C.
      • Karem P.
      • Shifflett K.
      • et al.
      Evaluating barriers to adopting telemedicine worldwide: A systematic review.
      J Telemed Telecare. 2018; 24: 4-12
      suddenly became commonplace, as long-intrenched policies by regulators and insurers melted away in response to the need to limit in-person medical assessments in locked-down long-term care settings.
      • Gillespie S.M.
      • Handler S.M.
      • Bardakh A.
      Innovation through regulation: COVID-19 and the evolving utility of telemedicine.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 1007-1009
      On-site laboratories, which had entirely disappeared from most nursing homes, saw a minor resurgence as homes needed to rapidly retool to manage on-site COVID-19 testing.
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
      Frequently asked questions: COVID-19 testing at skilled nursing facilities/nursing homes.
      https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid-faqs-snf-testing.pdf
      Date accessed: January 17, 2021
      Nursing home infection control activities, which had been modestly bolstered by recent regulations,
      Medicare and Medicaid programs; Reform of requirements for long-term care facilities.
      Fed Regist. 2016; 81: 68688-68872
      were found inadequate for the task of dealing with such an unprecedented unanticipated onslaught,
      • Sloane P.D.
      Cruise ships, nursing homes, and prisons as COVID-19 epicenters: A “wicked problem” with breakthrough solutions?.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 958-961
      and calls were put forth to attend to assisted living in the time of COVID-19.
      • Zimmerman S.
      • Sloane P.D.
      • Katz P.R.
      • et al.
      The need to include assisted living in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 572-575
      In response to these and other challenges, collaboration between long-term care organizations and other health care sectors—particularly health departments and hospital systems—mushroomed.
      • Archbald-Pannone L.R.
      • Harris D.A.
      • Albero K.
      • et al.
      COVID-19 collaborative model for an academic hospital and long-term care facilities.
      J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 939-942
      ,
      • Montoya A.
      • Jenq G.
      • Mills J.P.
      • et al.
      Partnering with local hospitals and public health to manage COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes.
      J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021; 69: 30-36
      Indeed, the world of post-acute and long-term care was thrust into the limelight and turned inside out and upside down during 2020.

      Impact on Academic Research and Writing

      The COVID-19 pandemic hijacked not just the world of long-term care but the entire world of basic and clinical science, with unprecedented shifts in funding priorities worldwide and a boom in medical publishing,
      • Yong A.
      How science beat the virus, and what it lost in the process. The Atlantic.
      https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/01/science-covid-19-manhattan-project/617262/
      Date accessed: January 18, 2021
      accompanied by an unprecedented increase in the number of publications.
      • Else H.
      How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.
      Nature. 2020; 588: 553
      A PubMed search in early 2021 for papers published in the prior year identified 111,403 publications (including preprints) with a key word of COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, coronavirus, or pandemic, compared with—by way of example—19,256 on the human immunodeficiency virus, 14,084 on Alzheimer's disease, and 11,996 on myocardial infarction. The total number of 2020 publications indexed by PubMed was more than 1.64 million, a 10% increase over 2019.
      As part of this rapid shift in priorities, the world of academic publishing also changed. The timeline from data collection to publication quickened, particularly for papers about COVID-19.
      • Strobl S.
      • Roth W.
      Internationale wissenschaftliche Publikationsaktivität zu COVID-19.
      Pathologe. 2021 Jan 12.; ([in German]. [Epub ahed of print])
      Reports about the novel coronavirus and COVID-19 disease were prioritized, with the goal of getting them into the literature as quickly as possible.
      • Callaway E.
      Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?.
      Nature. 2020; 582: 167-168
      Reviews of COVID-19–related papers were frequently accelerated, and the practice of providing online availability of preprints, often before final editing and author approval, became commonplace.
      • Callaway E.
      Will the pandemic permanently alter scientific publishing?.
      Nature. 2020; 582: 167-168
      The move toward increased open access publishing accelerated as well, with many academic journals (including JAMDA) making all COVID-19–related papers freely available online.
      • Carr D.
      Publishers make coronavirus (COVID-19) content freely available and reusable.
      https://wellcome.org/press-release/publishers-make-coronavirus-covid-19-content-freely-available-and-reusable
      Date accessed: January 19, 2021
      These changes in publishing, plus the continued growth of online journals (many of which are not indexed), combined with the boom in coronavirus-related research, resulted in an overall increase of published papers.
      • Else H.
      How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.
      Nature. 2020; 588: 553
      This accelerated pace of academic publishing has had its drawbacks. Concerns have been raised about the quality of much of the research, and that the practice of releasing preprint articles aggravates this concern. One recent article in the Journal of Medical Ethics, for example, noted that by May 2020, ClinicalTrials.gov had registered more than 1200 COVID-related trials and expressed concern that practices of good research, such as reflection on methods, quality checks by researchers and their supervisors, and robust ethics reviews, were being compromised.
      • Bramstedt K.A.
      The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for quality.
      J Med Ethics. 2020; 46: 803-807
      Concerns about the quality of peer review have been raised as well, because of resource limitations from increased article submissions and reviewer stress from new clinical and at-home obligations. Such fears were bolstered by an increase in retractions of scientific studies, particularly about COVID-19.
      • Bramstedt K.A.
      The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for quality.
      J Med Ethics. 2020; 46: 803-807
      , 
      • Lipworth W.
      • Gentgall M.
      • Kerridge I.
      • Stewart C.
      Science at warp speed: Medical research, publication, and translation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
      J Bioeth Inq. 2020; 17: 555-561
      , 
      • Yeo-Teh N.S.L.
      • Tang B.L.
      An alarming retraction rate for scientific publications on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
      Account Res. 2021; 28: 47-53
      The COVID-19 pandemic has been stressful for scientists and academic authors and affected their ongoing research efforts. Many clinical trials, particularly those involving older populations such as persons with Alzheimer's disease or residing in long-term care settings, were disrupted or terminated entirely because of concerns about safety risk for participants and research staff.
      • Bierer B.E.
      • White S.A.
      • Barnes J.M.
      • Gelinas L.
      Ethical challenges in clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic.
      J Bioeth Inq. 2020; 17: 717-722
      ,
      • Geerts H.
      • van der Graaf P.
      A modeling informed quantitative approach to salvage clinical trials interrupted due to COVID-19.
      Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020; 6: e12053
      Laboratory research suffered, too, and the work of early career investigators was noted to have been especially impacted.
      • Kent D.G.
      • Knapp D.J.H.F.
      • Kannan N.
      Survey says: “COVID-19 lockdown hits young faculty and clinical trials”.
      Stem Cell Reports. 2020; 15: 1-5
      Clinician-scientists were additionally affected because many were pressed into extra duty to assist in the pandemic response, and some became ill with the disease. Particularly impacted were women with small children, because the transition of many schools to in-home, virtual teaching and the closing of many day care centers reduced available work time.
      • Myers K.R.
      • Tham W.Y.
      • Yin Y.
      • et al.
      Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists.
      Nat Hum Behav. 2020; 4: 880-883
      , 
      • Minello A.
      The pandemic and the female academic.
      Nature. 2020 Apr 17.; ([Epub ahead of print])
      , 
      • Kitchener C.
      Women academics seem to be submitting fewer papers during coronavirus. “Never seen anything like it,” says one editor. The Lily.
      www.thelily.com/women-academics-seem-to-be-submitting-fewer-papers-during-coronavirus-never-seen-anything-like-it-says-one-editor/
      Date accessed: January 16, 2021

      Impact on Publications in Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine

      Until 2020, JAMDA's submissions had been growing at approximately 10% to 15% per year. In 2020, we received 1658 article submissions, a 37% increase over 2019. Most (76%) of this increase consisted of papers about COVID-19. As has been the case in scientific publishing overall, publications related to this new disease have not been associated with a reduction but rather an increase in publications in other areas as well. Figure 1 displays these trends. Although impressive, JAMDA's submission increase is no greater than that experienced by many other journals, despite the disproportionate burden it has placed on long-term care populations.
      • Yong A.
      How science beat the virus, and what it lost in the process. The Atlantic.
      https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/01/science-covid-19-manhattan-project/617262/
      Date accessed: January 18, 2021
      ,
      • Else H.
      How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—in seven charts.
      Nature. 2020; 588: 553
      This point speaks well about the commitment of those engaged in research related to post-acute and long-term care medicine.
      Figure thumbnail gr1
      Fig. 1Monthly manuscript submissions to JAMDA in 2019 and 2020. Similarity between the dotted line (2019 submissions) and green line (2020 Non–COVID-19 submissions) suggests that the large volume of 2020 COVID-19 submissions (red line) supplemented rather than supplanted ongoing research, leading to the overall 37% increase in manuscript volume (black line, all 2020 submissions).
      Figure 1 indicates that 2020's non–COVID-19 submissions (shown by the green line), were relatively similar to overall 2019 submissions (shown by the dotted line), indicating that the large volume of 2020 COVID-19 submissions (red line) supplemented rather than supplanted ongoing research, and that in 2020, the amount of non–COVID-19 research did not change markedly compared to the previous year. Those figures are good news, because all of the issues relevant to post-acute and long-term care that existed pre–COVID-19 remained during COVID-19.
      One cannot help but wonder, however, the extent to which the impact of the non–COVID-19 papers published in 2020 will be affected by the thirst for data on COVID-19 that same year—at least in the short run. Is it any surprise that of the top 15 downloaded JAMDA articles in 2020, 13 (87%) related to COVID-19? Just as there has been concern regarding delay or avoidance of medical care due to COVID-19,

      Czeisler ME, Marynak K, Clarke KEN, et al. Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:1250-1257.

      attention paid to other pressing needs has been postponed, which may affect citations in the short run. Researchers in many fields may be disappointed by the importance of their work being temporarily overlooked, but fortunately, the operative word is temporarily. In 2021, JAMDA will summarize some of the non–COVID papers published during 2020 that merit renewed attention.

      Impact on Peer Review and Publication Metrics

      With the increased volume and drive to process manuscripts quickly, JAMDA's editors were intent to obtain high-quality reviews at a time when our reviewers—particularly clinician-reviewers—were often overwhelmed by extra duties. An especially reliable reviewer wrote this as part of an apologetic decline of a review request: “I am up to my eyeballs. … I have no more bandwidth.” Even getting the virus under control did not always make life easier. One trusted reviewer from a country that had finally begun to control the virus wrote the following when reminded about an overdue review: “Sincere apologies for my delay. … With the lockdown [here] coming to an end and our research activities re-starting, these times have been extremely busy.”
      Despite the increased volume and demands on reviewers, JAMDA's metrics have remained excellent. Our average time to a first decision on a paper decreased from 22.4 days in 2019 to 17.6 days in 2020, and, for papers undergoing full review by multiple reviewers, the average time increased only slightly from 7.3 to 7.7 weeks.
      JAMDA's editorial team is always grateful for the time and thoughtful input of our reviewers, and especially so in 2020. We recognize the contributions of these reviewers, listed in The Appendix, during a most challenging year.
      Appendix Table 1JAMDA Reviewers During Year 2020
      Eeva AartolahtiMarie BoltzAlfonso J. Cruz-JentoftMargaret Helton
      Giulia AbateAlice BonnerDulce M. Cruz-OliverAnne Hendry
      Angela Marie AbbatecolaMarcus Kiiti BorgesPaolo Marcello CunhaBridget Hiedemann
      Katherine M AbbottAnne-Marie BostromMaureen C. DaleSarah Hilmer
      Anne-Bahia AbdeljalilPieternella C. Bots-VantspijkerJavier DamiánMatthias Hoben
      Siti Azdiah Abdul AzizNathan Adam BoucherFrancisca De LeeuwSophie Hogeveen
      Samia Ahmed Abdul-RahmanRaymond E BoureyAnton De SpiegeleerIva Holmerova
      Wilco P. AchterbergChad BousmanBart De SpiegeleerA. Jay Holmgren
      Maayan AgmonJohn BowblisLinda DecherrieIckpyo Hong
      Davide AgnolettiKathryn H. BowlesAnja DeclercqM. Bryant Howren
      David Alberto AguilarNicole BrandtHoward DegenholtzCassandra Hua
      Maritza AguirreCarol BrayneMary Ellen DellefieldXudong Huang
      Nayeon AhnTimothy BrearlyOddom DemontieroCarmel Hughes
      Cecilia AlbalaDavid BrechtelsbauerJacopo DemurtasKathy Hyer
      Steven M. AlbertChristian BrettschneiderShawkat DhananiKinda Ibrahim
      Jennifer AlbrechtKen Brummel-SmithT.S. DharmarajanJasminka Ilich
      Rosa María Alfonso RosaOlivier BruyereTatiana Danai DimitriouMikel Izquierdo
      Gilles AllaliGwendolen T BuhrDebra DobbsJeremy Michael Jacobs
      Theresa Anne AllisonJulia BurgdorfDavid DosaTessa Jansen
      Bader AlmoshelliEduardo CadorePaul Joseph DrinkaOlin Janssen
      Reza AminiShubing CaiTrisha DunningBarbara Ellen Janssens
      Atul AnandYun CaiGustavo DuqueJenefer M. Jedele
      Sharon Dorothy AndersonAmaia Calderón-LarrañagaAngelique EgbertsDylan Jester
      Barbara AngelMonique CaljouwG. Paul EleazerJonas Johansson
      Niquille AnneRiccardo CalvaniJulie EllisKim G. Johnson
      Raquel Aparicio-UgarrizaIan CameronCarole A. EstabrooksNatali Jokanovic
      Robert ApplebaumCameron CampJonathan M. EvansRobert Jorissen
      Hidenori AraiIrene Campbell-TaylorWilliam EvansPornchai Jullamate
      Laurie Archbald-PannonePaul K. CanavanConnie J. EvashwickRobin Jump
      Mary Elizabeth ArensbergMarco CanevelliAmil FakhaHye-Young Jung
      Wilbert S. AronowChao CaoRyan FalckCorrine Y. Jurgens
      Mara AronsonGideon A. CaplanJason R. FalveyBllingsley Kaambwa
      Damaris AschwandenAnthony James CaprioPenny FeldmanSarah Kabbani
      Muhammad Salman AshrafPaula CarderFan FengEllen W. Kaehr
      Mylene Aubertin-LeheudreJennifer L. CarnahanMariana Gross FigueiroTomohiko Kamo
      Robin R. AustinChristy CarterGerda FillenbaumMarshall Kapp
      José Alberto Avila-FunesCarolina M. CaselliniHarriet Finne-SoveriJurgis Karuza
      Roman AyeleNicole CaseySteven FisherMorgan Jane Katz
      Emmeline AyersNicholas CastleTim FleinerPaul R. Katz
      Domenico AzzolinoRoberto Carlos Castrejon PerezLeon FlickerRuth Katz
      Yoshihiko BabaAngela CaticMauren Minuzzo FreitasHeather H. Keller
      Patricia BachJoaquim CerejeiraElizabeth FrentzelChristine Khandelwal
      Ramona BackhausCarmen CerveraErik FrommeRita Khoury
      Nasim Baghban FerdowsMatteo CesariStefano FumagalliKibum Kim
      Amir BagheriNatalia Cezón-SerranoJon Paul FurunoBruce Kinosian
      Kevin T. BainApril ChanChristopher K. GaleHeidi S. Kinsell
      Debra BakerjianHelen Y.L. ChanElizabeth GalikChristine E. Kistler
      Anoop T. BalachandranJoyce Y.C. ChanJulie K. GammackJennifer A. Knopp-Sihota
      Philipe De Souto BarretoAriya ChantaramaneeFlavia GarcezSara Knox
      Giulio BartoliJohn CheeksLuis Cuitlahuac García-FabelaGotaro Kojima
      Ricardo BatistaLiang-Kung ChenJoseph E. GauglerTaro Kojima
      Juergen Martin BauerLi-Ju ChenChandler E. GillR. Tamara Konetzka
      Amy W. BaughmanYa-Mei ChenSuzanne M. GillespieThomas Robert Konrad
      Allison A. BayZhiguo ChenAndrea L. Gilmore-BykovskyiRaymond T.C.M. Koopmans
      Marc BayenSheung-Tak ChengJudith GodinGunes Koru
      Sabine BayenAntonio CherubiniGoldberg A. GoldbergAnastassia E Kossioni
      Charlotte BeaudartWing Hoi CheungMarianne Thorsen GonzalezEftychia Kotronia
      Anne Marie BeckJagadish K. ChhetriAdam L. GordonNancy Kusmaul
      Clemens BeckerIris ChiAnne GraceMasafumi Kuzuya
      Anna Song BeeberIppei ChibaTadeja GracnerTimothy Kwok
      J. Simon BellAnna ChodosJames GrahamFreddy Man Hin Lam
      Jennifer BellotLeung-Wing ChuRichard T. GriffeyFrancesco Landi
      Sverre BerghVerena CimarolliGeorge GrossbergTyler Lantz
      Christian BergmanAndrew CleggAndrea GruneirJulie Lapenskie
      Marla Berg-WegerHélio Coelho-JúniorSteven Mark HandlerAndrew J. Larner
      Máximo Bernabeu-WittelCatherine Crawford CohenJoseph T. HanlonFulvio Lauretani
      Mercedes Bern-KlugRose Milou CollardJeffrey HarmanChiyoung Lee
      Sarah BerryTracy ComansMichael Harris-LoveYunhwan Lee
      Giulia BertoliMartin Joseph ConnollyKrista L HarrisonBruce Leff
      Chrisitine BishopClément CormiTracie Culp HarrisonNatalie Elizabeth Leland
      Hubert BlainAndrea CorsonelloKaren Harrison DeningBlake Lesselroth
      Mario BoAxelle CostenobleChristine HartmannPaula E. Lester
      Faerella BoczkoCynthia CreadyPhilip R. HarveyRoxanne H. Leung
      Lauren E. BodeCharles CreceliusMengying HeSteven A. Levenson
      Georg BolligChristopher J. CrnichJennifer HefeleCari Levy
      Lene Levy-StormsWeiwen NgAndreas W. SchoenenbergerEdgar Ramos Vieira
      Yue LiJoshua David NiznikJ.M.G.A. ScholsBeth A. Virnig
      Adamanthia LiapikouAlexandra Catherine Hayes NowakowskiClaudia SchulzRenuka Visvanathan
      Gerdien Christiana Ligthart-MelisGermaine OdenheimerLaurence Seematter-BagnoudAmy Ann Vogelsmeier
      Ka Keat LimAaron Michael OgletreeDallas P. SeitzLadislav Volicer
      Wee Shiong LimKook Hwan OhTodd SemlaDorothee Volkert
      Julie LimaChukwuma OkoyeAkio ShimizuAnnika Von Heymann
      Chih-Ming LinMarcel Olde RikkertTetyana P. ShippeeKamal C. Wagle
      Sebastian LindblomJorge OliveiraCornel Christian SieberLaura M. Wagner
      Milta O. LittleKenji OmaeElena O. SiegelDeborah Pease Waldrop
      Raul López AntónGraziano OnderSusan SilvaVictoria Walker
      Guillermo Felipe López SánchezAnthony OngSandra F. SimmonsHuali Wang
      Vivian W.Q. LouNicole M. OrrAdam SimningRuoxi Wang
      James Alvin LowFábio OrsattiMichael SimonYaogang Wang
      Christine LoydDan OsterweilEleanor Marie SimonsickGregg Warshaw
      Madia LozuponeKenneth J. OttenbacherJay SlotkinDebra L. Waters
      Judith Ann LucasJoseph G. OuslanderMartin SmalbruggeRosie Watson
      Jay S. LuxenbergAlicia Padron-MonederoDavid A. SmithKai Wei
      Paula Pexe Alves MachadoKyle PageEric SmithYu-Jung Jenny Wei
      Caroline MadrigalNaushira PandyaPaulina SockolowJane A. Weintraub
      Wingyun MakGiuseppe PaolissoDan SongAlicia M. Weissman
      Hyuma MakizakoStuart ParkerYuting SongHeidi J. Welberry
      Arduino Aleksander MangoniPatricia ParmeleeA.R. Rita Sousa-SantosNathalie Isabelle Wellens
      Rikki MangrumMatthew ParsonsPinar SoysalBeth Ann White
      Kevin ManningMarc PepinRichard G. StefanacciElizabeth M. White
      Finbarr C. MartinMolly M. PerkinsKarl SteinbergHeidi K. White
      Emanuele MarzettiMirko PetrovicPat StoneElizabeth Foy White-Chu
      Francesco Mattace- RasoSteven L. PhillipsJørund StraandChristina R. Whitehouse
      Donovan T. MaustStuart PhillipsKen SugimotoJulie Whitney
      Colleen Jean MaxwellMarina PinheiroSophia SuiTimothy Wingert
      Paolo MazzolaKaisu H. PitkalaShengyan SunChang Won Won
      Kathleen MccauleyTim F. PlattsPaul Y. TakahashiIrene Wong
      Rose MccloskeyJohn S. PreisserEdwin CK TanJean Woo
      Eleanor McconnellMichael PuliaTomoki TanakaKyungmi Woo
      Ellen MccreedyMartine T.E. PutsZhe TangRobert Woods
      Ryan McgrathEmma D. QuachFrancisco J. José Tarazona SantabalbinaHans Wouters
      John MchughPatrick QuailHelena Temkin-GreenerBei Wu
      Andrew MckinnonAnna RahmanJoan TenoWenna Xi
      Matthew McnabneyMarilyn J. RantzKristine A. TheurerQin Xiao
      René MelisSujan C. ReddyVittoria TibaldiHanzhang Xu
      Barbara J Messinger-RapportNicholas ReedAndrea TicinesiBaowen Xue
      Luis MieiroJoann P. ReinhardtMark TolesQianli Xue
      Toni MilesNeal ReizerDebbie TolsonYukari Yamada
      Edward Alan MillerBarbara ResnickYasutake TomataTakashi Yamanaka
      Nora MillorJoana RigorMaxim TopazMing Yang
      Whitney L. MillsChristine RitchieJorge Luis Torres GutierrezQing Yang
      Arnold MitnitskiAshley Zampini RitterCaterina TrevisanBrandon C. Yarns
      Lona ModyGiulia RivasiGraeme TuckerJunichi Yokota
      Karen MonsenSheria G. Robinson-LaneKatri TurunenYoshihiro Yoshimura
      Vincent MorMiriam B. RodinDenise TylerDaniel Young
      Jennifer Craft MorganLeocadio Rodríguez-MañasSeong-Gee UmYuchi Young
      Takashi MoriJonathan RoomMark Aaron UnruhJirong Yue
      Steven MorrisonInthira RoopsawangFrederick UnverzagtBarbara Jeanne Zarowitz
      Alison MudgeRobert J. RosatiKorijna ValentiMei Zhao
      Christoph MuellerJames L. RudolphGert-Jan Van Der PuttenYayi Zhao
      Dana B. MukamelKira RyskinaJenny Theodora Van Der SteenCarolyn Zhu
      Graciela Muniz TerreraMikel López Sáez De AsteasuCourtney Van HoutvanBaiming Zou
      Naoko MuramatsuDebra SalibaCamille VaughanAlberto Zucchelli
      Miharu NakanishiAngela Lipka SanfordNicola VeroneseFranziska Zúñiga
      Maureen Cecilia NashJair Licio Ferreira SantosDavide Liborio VetranoSteven Zweig
      Arif NazirJohn F. SchnelleSimone Vettoretti
      Jaakko NevalainenDaniel SchoeneChristina R. Victor

      Acknowledgments

      The authors thank Jason Winkler, MBA, Executive Publisher, Health & Medical Science, STM Journals, Elsevier, for his insightful contributions to this editorial and his notable contributions to JAMDA.

      Appendix

      Appendix Table 1JAMDA Reviewers During Year 2020
      Eeva AartolahtiMarie BoltzAlfonso J. Cruz-JentoftMargaret Helton
      Giulia AbateAlice BonnerDulce M. Cruz-OliverAnne Hendry
      Angela Marie AbbatecolaMarcus Kiiti BorgesPaolo Marcello CunhaBridget Hiedemann
      Katherine M AbbottAnne-Marie BostromMaureen C. DaleSarah Hilmer
      Anne-Bahia AbdeljalilPieternella C. Bots-VantspijkerJavier DamiánMatthias Hoben
      Siti Azdiah Abdul AzizNathan Adam BoucherFrancisca De LeeuwSophie Hogeveen
      Samia Ahmed Abdul-RahmanRaymond E BoureyAnton De SpiegeleerIva Holmerova
      Wilco P. AchterbergChad BousmanBart De SpiegeleerA. Jay Holmgren
      Maayan AgmonJohn BowblisLinda DecherrieIckpyo Hong
      Davide AgnolettiKathryn H. BowlesAnja DeclercqM. Bryant Howren
      David Alberto AguilarNicole BrandtHoward DegenholtzCassandra Hua
      Maritza AguirreCarol BrayneMary Ellen DellefieldXudong Huang
      Nayeon AhnTimothy BrearlyOddom DemontieroCarmel Hughes
      Cecilia AlbalaDavid BrechtelsbauerJacopo DemurtasKathy Hyer
      Steven M. AlbertChristian BrettschneiderShawkat DhananiKinda Ibrahim
      Jennifer AlbrechtKen Brummel-SmithT.S. DharmarajanJasminka Ilich
      Rosa María Alfonso RosaOlivier BruyereTatiana Danai DimitriouMikel Izquierdo
      Gilles AllaliGwendolen T BuhrDebra DobbsJeremy Michael Jacobs
      Theresa Anne AllisonJulia BurgdorfDavid DosaTessa Jansen
      Bader AlmoshelliEduardo CadorePaul Joseph DrinkaOlin Janssen
      Reza AminiShubing CaiTrisha DunningBarbara Ellen Janssens
      Atul AnandYun CaiGustavo DuqueJenefer M. Jedele
      Sharon Dorothy AndersonAmaia Calderón-LarrañagaAngelique EgbertsDylan Jester
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      Article info

      Publication history

      Published online: January 28, 2021

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.073

      Copyright

      © 2021 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.

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